SQL Server must enforce access control policies to restrict the Alter any login permission to only authorized roles.

Overview

Finding ID	Version	Rule ID	IA Controls	Severity
V-41281	SQL2-00-004500	SV-53763r4_rule		Medium

Description
The concept of least privilege must be applied to SQL Server processes, ensuring that the processes operate at privilege levels no higher than necessary to accomplish required organizational missions and/or functions. Organizations consider the creation of additional processes, roles, and SQL Server accounts as necessary to achieve least privilege. Organizations also apply least privilege concepts to the design, development, implementation, and operations of SQL Server and the OS. Unauthorized access to sensitive data or SQL Server control may compromise the confidentiality of personnel privacy, threaten national security, compromise a variety of other sensitive operations, or lead to a loss of system control. Access controls are best managed by defining requirements based on distinct job functions and assigning access based on the job function assigned to the individual user. SQL Server's 'Alter any login' permission is a high server-level privilege that must only be granted to individual administration accounts through roles. If the 'Alter any login' permission is granted to roles that are unauthorized to have this privilege, then this access must be removed. Additionally, the permission must not be denied to a role, because that could disable a user's legitimate access via another role. The fix for this vulnerability specifies the use of REVOKE. Be aware that revoking a permission that is currently denied to a role or user does not necessarily disable the permission. If the user or role can inherent the permission from another role, revoking the denied permission from the user or the first role can effectively enable the inherited permission.

Description

The concept of least privilege must be applied to SQL Server processes, ensuring that the processes operate at privilege levels no higher than necessary to accomplish required organizational missions and/or functions. Organizations consider the creation of additional processes, roles, and SQL Server accounts as necessary to achieve least privilege. Organizations also apply least privilege concepts to the design, development, implementation, and operations of SQL Server and the OS. Unauthorized access to sensitive data or SQL Server control may compromise the confidentiality of personnel privacy, threaten national security, compromise a variety of other sensitive operations, or lead to a loss of system control. Access controls are best managed by defining requirements based on distinct job functions and assigning access based on the job function assigned to the individual user. SQL Server's 'Alter any login' permission is a high server-level privilege that must only be granted to individual administration accounts through roles. If the 'Alter any login' permission is granted to roles that are unauthorized to have this privilege, then this access must be removed. Additionally, the permission must not be denied to a role, because that could disable a user's legitimate access via another role. The fix for this vulnerability specifies the use of REVOKE. Be aware that revoking a permission that is currently denied to a role or user does not necessarily disable the permission. If the user or role can inherent the permission from another role, revoking the denied permission from the user or the first role can effectively enable the inherited permission.

STIG	Date
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Database Instance Security Technical Implementation Guide	2017-12-01

Details

Check Text ( C-47849r5_chk )
Obtain the list of roles that are authorized for the SQL Server 'Alter any login' permission and what 'Grant', 'Grant With', and/or 'Deny' privilege is authorized. Obtain the list of roles with that permission by running the following query: SELECT who.name AS [Principal Name], who.type_desc AS [Principal Type], who.is_disabled AS [Principal Is Disabled], what.state_desc AS [Permission State], what.permission_name AS [Permission Name] FROM sys.server_permissions what INNER JOIN sys.server_principals who ON who.principal_id = what.grantee_principal_id WHERE what.permission_name = 'Alter any login' AND who.type_desc = 'SERVER_ROLE' ORDER BY who.name ; GO If any role has 'Grant', 'With Grant' or 'Deny' privileges on this permission and users with that role are not authorized to have the permission, this is a finding. Alternatively, to provide a combined list for all requirements of this type: SELECT what.permission_name AS [Permission Name], what.state_desc AS [Permission State], who.name AS [Principal Name], who.type_desc AS [Principal Type], who.is_disabled AS [Principal Is Disabled] FROM sys.server_permissions what INNER JOIN sys.server_principals who ON who.principal_id = what.grantee_principal_id WHERE what.permission_name IN ( 'Administer bulk operations', 'Alter any availability group', 'Alter any connection', 'Alter any credential', 'Alter any database', 'Alter any endpoint ', 'Alter any event notification ', 'Alter any event session ', 'Alter any linked server', 'Alter any login', 'Alter any server audit', 'Alter any server role', 'Alter resources', 'Alter server state ', 'Alter Settings ', 'Alter trace', 'Authenticate server ', 'Control server', 'Create any database ', 'Create availability group', 'Create DDL event notification', 'Create endpoint', 'Create server role', 'Create trace event notification', 'External access assembly', 'Shutdown', 'Unsafe Assembly', 'View any database', 'View any definition', 'View server state' ) AND who.type_desc = 'SERVER_ROLE' ORDER BY what.permission_name, who.name ; GO

Check Text ( C-47849r5_chk )

Obtain the list of roles that are authorized for the SQL Server 'Alter any login' permission and what 'Grant', 'Grant With', and/or 'Deny' privilege is authorized. Obtain the list of roles with that permission by running the following query:

SELECT
who.name AS [Principal Name],
who.type_desc AS [Principal Type],
who.is_disabled AS [Principal Is Disabled],
what.state_desc AS [Permission State],
what.permission_name AS [Permission Name]
FROM
sys.server_permissions what
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals who
ON who.principal_id = what.grantee_principal_id
WHERE
what.permission_name = 'Alter any login'
AND who.type_desc = 'SERVER_ROLE'
ORDER BY
who.name
;
GO

If any role has 'Grant', 'With Grant' or 'Deny' privileges on this permission and users with that role are not authorized to have the permission, this is a finding.

Alternatively, to provide a combined list for all requirements of this type:
SELECT
what.permission_name AS [Permission Name],
what.state_desc AS [Permission State],
who.name AS [Principal Name],
who.type_desc AS [Principal Type],
who.is_disabled AS [Principal Is Disabled]
FROM
sys.server_permissions what
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals who
ON who.principal_id = what.grantee_principal_id
WHERE
what.permission_name IN
(
'Administer bulk operations',
'Alter any availability group',
'Alter any connection',
'Alter any credential',
'Alter any database',
'Alter any endpoint ',
'Alter any event notification ',
'Alter any event session ',
'Alter any linked server',
'Alter any login',
'Alter any server audit',
'Alter any server role',
'Alter resources',
'Alter server state ',
'Alter Settings ',
'Alter trace',
'Authenticate server ',
'Control server',
'Create any database ',
'Create availability group',
'Create DDL event notification',
'Create endpoint',
'Create server role',
'Create trace event notification',
'External access assembly',
'Shutdown',
'Unsafe Assembly',
'View any database',
'View any definition',
'View server state'
)
AND who.type_desc = 'SERVER_ROLE'
ORDER BY
what.permission_name,
who.name
;
GO

Fix Text (F-46672r1_fix)
Remove the 'Alter any login' permission access from the role that is not authorized by executing the following query: REVOKE Alter any login TO <'role name'>